基于物理信息图神经网络的风电机组状态监测方法研究
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1.浙江工业大学机械工程学院杭州310023; 2.高端装备机械传动全国重点实验室重庆400044; 3.西安交通大学机械工程学院西安710054

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TH17

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国家自然科学基金(62473336)、浙江省自然科学基金(LZ25F030004)、国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0198900);高端装备机械传动全国重点实验室开放课题(SKLMT-MSKFKT-202315)项目资助


Condition monitoring of wind turbine based on physics-informed graph neural network
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1.College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment, Chongqing 400044, China; 3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi′an JiaoTong University, Xi′an 710054, China

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    摘要:

    风电机组(WTs)是一个强耦合关联的系统,其高效与安全运行依赖于数据采集与监控(SCADA)系统的支撑。考虑实际工程条件以及受限于传感器的数量与安装,机组运行过程中部分物理参量难以直接测量;此外,传统数据驱动方法因欠缺物理约束,对机组动态复杂的运行状态难以有效建模。鉴于此,提出一种面向风电机组状态监测的物理信息图神经网络(PIGNN)方法。该方法以图结构建模风电机组不同部件之间的耦合关系,通过图神经网络(GNN)学习SCADA数据中的时空关联特征和表征机组运行动态特性,在此基础上引入物理信息神经网络(PINN),将功率、力矩、电压和温度的平衡以及运行边界约束等方面的关系统一表示为物理约束损失,进而实现物理先验与数据驱动模型的有效融合。为解决数据拟合损失与物理约束损失数量级不一致问题,提出一种基于指数移动平均的自适应归一化策略,实现不同损失项数值尺度的平衡,以提升模型训练的稳定性。最后,通过两台风电机组的案例分析表明,所提PIGNN方法在保证模型预测精度的同时,能够有效平衡数据拟合目标与物理约束目标,提升异常状态识别和早期故障预警的能力,验证了物理约束建模在风电机组状态监测中的有效性。

    Abstract:

    Wind turbines (WTs) are highly coupled systems, whose safe and efficient operation rely on the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. Considering the limitations of sensor placement and practical engineering, some physical quantities cannot be directly acquired during the operation. As a result, the traditional data-driven methods often fail to model the complex operating conditions of WTs effectively due to the lack of relevant physical constraints. To address this issue, this paper proposes a physics-informed graph neural network (PIGNN) method for the WT condition monitoring. First, a graph structure is built by representing the coupling relationships among different WT components, then a graph neural network (GNN) is employed to learn spatiotemporal correlation features of SCADA data and capture the dynamic characteristics of WT. And then a physics-informed neural network (PINN) is embedded into the proposed framework, whose physics-based loss terms can express the physical relationships including power balance, torque balance, voltage balance, temperature constraints and operating boundary constraints. In this way, the physical prior knowledge could be integrated into the data-driven model effectively. Furthermore, an adaptive normalization strategy based on an exponential moving average is developed to address the magnitude inconsistency between the data fitting loss and the physics-based constraint losses. This could balance the magnitude difference of different loss terms and improve the stability of model training. Finally, the experiments are carried out on two real WT cases. Results show that the proposed PIGNN method can balance the data fitting objective and the physics-based constraint objective effectively while providing the high prediction accuracy. It could also improve the performance of anomaly detection and early warning, which verifies the effectiveness of physics-based constraint modeling for WT condition monitoring.

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金晓航,刘家光,吴鹏洪,王宇,彭一真.基于物理信息图神经网络的风电机组状态监测方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2026,47(4):53-65

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-06-08
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