According to the actual situation of ground meteorological observation technology and the strategic demand of national economic development, this paper introduces the current situation of meteorological observation technology and instrument in China, expounds the development requirements of the future meteorological observation technology for country, analyzes and studies the development history of meteorological observation technology, instruments and methods, indicates the technical problems and shortcomings in the development of terrestrial meteorological observation technology in China. Combining with the development of modern electronic, information and communication technology and Internet of Things technology, predicts the development trend of future automatic and intelligent meteorological observation technology, specific and general meteorological observation technology, professional and public weather observation technology.