In response to the high-precision requirements for ground calibration of micro-thrusters in major aerospace missions such as space gravitational wave detection, and the severe limitation of thermal noise caused by environmental temperature fluctuations on the performance of measurement devices, this paper conducts research on thermal noise suppression technology. Based on the torsion pendulum micro-thrust measurement principle, a comprehensive analysis of error sources such as the thermoelastic effect of torsion wire stiffness, structural thermal expansion, and sensor drift is performed, revealing the mechanism of environmental thermal noise on measurement accuracy. On this basis, a precision environmental temperature control system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) control is developed. This system adopts a hardware architecture of an external liquid circulation constant temperature enclosure, combined with an adaptive smith fuzzy PID control algorithm, to construct a highly stable, interference-resistant quasi-adiabatic working environment for the measurement device. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the developed system, successfully suppressing the peak-to-peak temperature fluctuation in the core measurement area to within 20 mK; compared to the state without temperature control, the temperature gradient at both ends of the torsion wire is reduced to 0.5% of the original value, and the theoretical relative measurement error caused by temperature fluctuations is reduced from 0.66% to 0.003 7%. The research results indicate that this temperature control system effectively mitigates the interference of environmental thermal fluctuations on micro-thrust measurement, enhances the measurement accuracy and thermal stability of the device, and provides critical technical support for the high-precision calibration of micro-thrusters.