Advance detection of geological structures is crucial for ensuring efficient and safe coal mine production. To address the limitations of traditional geophysical techniques in meeting the precision requirements for advance detection in deep roadways, a new method based on spectral acoustic was designed. First, the resonant characteristics of roof strata during roadway excavation were theoretically analyzed, and the basic principle of advanced detection of geological structures by inversion of stress changes of coal and rock mass with elastic wave attributes was expounded. Subsequently, a continuous monitoring and real-time early-warning system platform was established, with system hardware including geophones and monitoring substations developed, and interactive control software created. Finally, field validation was conducted at the Ji15-15080 machine roadway in pingmei eighth coal mine, a representative deep mining site. Results indicate that: High-value zones of the geological structure monitoring index coincide with exposed geological structures; The prediction coefficient shows a rapid increase exceeding the critical value within a certain distance ahead of structure exposure; Relative stress coefficients exhibit elevated stresses unilaterally, bilaterally, or entirely at faults, consistent with geological structure evolution. According to the linear distance in the driving direction, the advance warning distance is 7.2~37.7 m, achieving a reliability of 92.85% for advance detection. The research results provide an efficient and reliable new technology for advanced detection of geological structure in deep roadway.