Scintillators are widely used in many fields such as nuclear medicine imaging, industrial non-destructive testing, and high-energy physical radioactivity measurement, which greatly promotes scientific and technological progress and innovation in the fields of basic science, medical science, and industrial technology. With the continuous improvement of application requirements, the performance requirements of scintillators are getting higher and higher, especially higher light output yield. Combining scintillators with micro-nano photonics technology research, by preparing micro-nano structures on the surface of scintillators and using their regulation of electromagnetic waves to change the critical angle of photon emission, the technical problem of low light output yield of scintillators due to total internal reflection effect can be effectively solved. In order to achieve the same radiation effect at a smaller dose. This paper describes the research progress of scintillator micro-nano structure preparation technology in recent years, comprehensively reviews the mechanism of micro-nano structure regulating scintillator light output enhancement, summarizes the existing micro-nano structure preparation technology methods, analyzes the influence of different types of micro-nano structures on scintillator light output yield, and summarizes the preparation technology according to the size of scintillator micro-nano structure, and discusses the research and application prospects of various types of scintillator micro-nano structure preparation technology.