Rocket sled tests hold significant experimental value in the development of aerospace, weaponry, electronics, and nuclear weapons. To establish a precise measurement control network for the track and accurately obtain the spatiotemporal parameters during rocket sled tests, a combined measurement method based on a distance-angle mixed intersection adjustment model is proposed. Firstly, a mixed intersection adjustment model was constructed utilizing angle measurements from total stations and distance measurements from laser trackers. Principles for constructing the measurement error matrix were defined, and the global coordinates were optimally estimated using a nonlinear least squares method. Secondly, the Monte Carlo method was employed to simulate and analyze the measurement equipment layout and the accuracy of the mixed intersection adjustment model. Simulation results indicated that positioning the measurement equipment centrally within the measurement range minimized the overall coordinate measurement errors of position markers, thereby reducing initial value errors in the adjustment model and enhancing the model’s solution accuracy. Finally, experimental verification was conducted at a rocket sled test site. Within a measurement range of 669 m, the standard deviation of the position marker distances in the track measurement control network was found to be 0.19 mm, validating the feasibility of the mixed intersection adjustment model for long straight track measurements. This method offers significant reference value for full-range measurement tasks.