Optical wireless communication is an important means of modern communication, with rich spectrum resources, antielectromagnetic interference and other advantages, can be used as an important supplement to traditional radio frequency technology, which is expected to provide an important technical driving force for future industrial manufacturing. This paper firstly introduces the relevant applications of optical wireless communication under the background of industrial Internet, and summarizes the research status at home and abroad in recent years, summarizes the typical research progress, expounds the channel model and key technologies of optical wireless communication system, and introduces the RF/ visible light heterogeneous technology used to ensure the reliable transmission of the uplink and downlink of the communication system. Finally, the paper summarizes the current problems faced by optical wireless communication in the industrial Internet, and looks forward to the future development trend, which can provide reference for the future research and development of optical wireless in this field.