In order to improve the reconstruction performance ofpower quality transient and steady signal, a reconstruction method of power quality signal adopting backtrackingbased selfadoptive matching pursuit algorithm is presented to conduct the power quality signals on the basis of compressive sensing theory. By adapting a simple backtracking step to SAMP method, the first step of the proposed method is to select the candidate set that meets the conditions, then by using backtracking function in final selection step, some atoms whose coefficientsare relativelysmall, so the proposed method can flexibly remove some atoms that are chosen wrongly at the previous processing and provide the batter sparse signal reconstruction and approximation performance.Furthermore, this method does not require verifysignal sparsityfirst andpossesssparsity adaptiveability. The simulation experiment results show that the reconstruction accuracy of the signal is more than 97.63%. The reconstruction result can achieve very good performance:energy recovery coefficientishigher than 99.39%, signaltonoise ratiois within 1.64% and mean squared error is within 1.64%.