Aiming at the problem that the screen data of roll grinder can only be obtained by manual transcription, we designed a method of automatic identification and recording of key parameters of roll grinder screen. The specially designed smart camera is installed above the CNC screen of the grinder, and the camera structure is designed with the angle of 45° “L”, which can take photos of the CNC screen without affecting the work of the master. Firstly, the screen image is registered and corrected by edge positioning and perspective transformation. Secondly, grinder parameters in the image were identified by the trained YOLOv5 model. Finally, the key parameters of the grinder are imported into the database to complete the real-time recording and transmission of the parameters, so as to provide timely and accurate key equipment parameters for the adjustment of related subsequent production processes. In addition, in view of the common Moire pattern phenomenon in screen images, the design of polarization window and Moire pattern removal algorithm is combined to effectively filter Moire pattern, which significantly reduces the influence of Moire pattern on the recognition accuracy. Since the system has been running for half a year, the recognition rate of grinding machine screen data has exceeded 99%, which significantly reduces labor intensity and manual error, and improves productivity.