As the fingerprint image collected by the fingerprint sensor tends to become miniaturized, the fingerprint image contains less and less fingerprint feature information. Aiming at the problems of large calculation, unsatisfactory accuracy and poor anti-interference ability of traditional template matching algorithms when processing small-area sliding fingerprints, this paper proposes an improved sliding fingerprint tracking algorithm based on MOSSE. The improved MOSSE algorithm uses multiple inputs, weighted fusion of grayscale features and HOG features at the response layer, and introduces the Fourier-Mellin algorithm and Hanning window to process the fingerprint of rotation. The results of tracking small-area fingerprints are compared by a variety of algorithms, which shows that this algorithm inherits the advantages of the original MOSSE algorithm, and improves the fingerprint matching accuracy, the matching accuracy of normal images is 99%, the matching accuracy of noisy images is 90. 3%, and the average calculation time of each frame is 0. 103 6 s, which ensures the real-time and robust nature of fingerprint tracking. It can also track deformed and rotated fingerprint images well.