According to the requirements of water entry pressure test of large amphibious aircraft independently developed in China, the pressure field and test environment of the ship bottom structure are analyzed firstly. The ship bottom pressure is numerically simulated by ALE algorithm, the pressure distribution at the time of landing the water at the bottom of the ship is obtained. Combined with the theoretical calculation based on the improved Wanger model, the optimal measuring point of the water inlet pressure is determined, and the signal sensing scheme based on the nonlinear vibration model is designed. Secondly, analyze the practical engineering problems of aircraft modification, and determine the sensor refitting process. Finally, through the flight test, the feasibility of the scheme and the reliability of the simulation model are verified. The maximum deviation between the test results and the simulation results is 3. 4%, and provide a basis for the optimization and improvement of the test scheme in the next stage.