The interference field caused by the airborne platform is one of the main sources of error in aeromagnetic measurement. In order to improve the accuracy of the aeromagnetic measurement of the geomagnetic vector, a vector aeromagnetic compensation algorithm based on component constraints is designed, and a compensation model including fixed, induced and eddy current magnetic interference is established. By introducing the attitude information of the carrier obtained by the inertial sensor, the problem of solving the compensation coefficient is linearized, and the parameter is solved by the least square method. The simulation results show that the algorithm can accurately estimate the compensation coefficient and reduce the root mean square error of the magnetic field vector to within 3 nT. The flight verification test was carried out using the helicopter aeromagnetic measurement system. After compensation, the root mean square error of the total field was reduced from 716. 97 to 14. 27 nT, and the root mean square error of the three components was reduced from 422. 86, 240. 68, and 676. 21 nT to 54. 21, 52. 34, 38. 61 nT, respectively. The results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the dynamic measurement accuracy of the aeromagnetic vector.