To study the mechanism and characteristics of abnormal vibration caused by partial discharge of GIL equipment, and predict the trend of partial discharge of GIL. Firstly, the tip discharge model and test platform of GIL equipment are established by taking the tip discharge as an example. Secondly, the characteristics and mechanism of GIL abnormal vibration behavior are studied by measuring the pulse current signal and abnormal vibration signal of tip discharge and combining with electromechanical signal. Finally, WOA-ELM model is established to predict the trend of GIL partial discharge and is compared with ELM model. The results show that the repetition frequency of discharge pulse current at GIL tip is consistent with the frequency of abnormal vibration signal, the partial discharge of GIL is directly related to the abnormal vibration of GIL shell, and the abnormal vibration energy is mainly concentrated in 1 600~ 2 800 Hz, and the frequency doubling distribution is mainly 20 Hz; Compared with the traditional ELM model, WOA-ELM has better prediction ability, which can realize the accurate prediction of GIL partial discharge trend, and provides a new method for GIL partial discharge trend prediction based on vibration signal.