In the electrostatic monitoring technology for abrasive particles in lubricating oil, the amount of induced charge measured by the sensor varies with the radial positions of the abrasive particles. The traditional electrostatic sensor is incapable of determining the accurate position and number of the abrasive particles. For this reason, this article designs an electrostatic tomography (EST) highspeed data collection system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and realizes 12-channel signal conditioning on the basis of the electrostatic sensor array. The effectiveness and accuracy of the EST system are verified by monitoring the charged metal balls in lubricating oil. The results show that the designed EST system can meet the practical measurement requirements and the experimental results are close to the simulation results. The amount and positions of the charged balls in the lubricating oil can be estimated correctly, and the imaging quality for charged balls in different positions is relatively good. The data collection rate reaches 10 MSPs, which provides a reference for the further study of real-time nondestructive monitoring of abrasive particles in lubricating oil.