Bearing fault signals are usually non-linear and non-stationary. Also, this kind of signal is very weak and is easily concealed by unavoidable background noise and vibration interferences. The mode decomposition method has been proved to be a reliable signal processing method for this kind of signal. Therefore, a fast iterative filtering decomposition method is applied to the bearing fault detection in this paper. The fast iterative filtering decomposition method performs excellently in suppressing mode mixing and noise. More importantly, unlike other mode decomposition techniques, the fast iterative filtering method provides significant computational efficiency, so it can highly improve the computational speed. Both effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by simulation signals and real-world signals.