The advanced flight control system realizes the full time and full authority of the aircraft′s flying attitude control, which directly determines the flight quality and makes it the primary object of aircraft fault prediction and health management. Due to the high degree of functional coupling, complex structural cross-link relationship, and diversified degradation failure modes of flight control system, it is difficult to extract fault characteristics, poor real-time life prediction, and difficult to verify health assessment model. The extraction of fault characteristics and relationships in flight control systems is a key technology in the current PHM field of flight control systems. By screening out key information that accurately represents faults from massive flight data, the accuracy and efficiency of fault identification can be improved. Remaining life prediction is another key technology of the PHM system. It predicts the later performance trend through equipment operation and maintenance data to achieve the purpose of early fault warning. In the engineering application of PHM technology in the flight control system, the establishment of the model is the key to whether the system can be realized. The real-time performance and visualization of the system also constantly put forward new requirements for the update and upgrade of the model. Therefore, this paper conducts a review from three aspects: multiple extraction of fault information of the flight control system, the research status of RUL prediction, and the research status of PHM engineering of the flight control system.