The demand for fiber optic time and frequency synchronization technology is gradually developing in the direction of long-distance, multi-node and high-precision. White rabbit (WR) technology, as an important implementation of fiber optic time and frequency transfer, is an innovative extension of the precision time protocol (PTP). Sub-nanosecond time deviation and nanosecond synchronization uncertainty between master and slave clocks by introducing synchronous Ethernet and digital double-mixed frequency time difference (DDMTD) measurement techniques. It also demonstrates significant advantages in terms of standardization, generalization and convenient networking. This paper systematically explains the synchronization principle of WR technology and its performance advantages. And deeply analyzes the key factors affecting the system synchronization performance. Meanwhile, a comparison is made between the advantages and disadvantages of existing research methods. Finally, the current technical challenges and future directions of the technology are further discussed. The study shows that WR technology has a broad application prospect in distributed systems. But it still needs to make breakthroughs in several key technical areas to meet the demands of diverse application scenarios, including high-precision absolute calibration technology, temperature compensation technology for long-distance fiber transmission, noise accumulation suppression in cascade systems, and time-frequency transfer implementation based on wireless links.