Aiming at the short transmission path and low measurement accuracy of the small ultrasonic wind measurement array, four ultrasonic transducers integrating transceivers are designed, arranged in a square, with the probes placed vertically downwards, and the ultrasonic signals are reflected multiple times between the wind measurement areas. The wind measurement is completed, and the volume of the one-time reflection ultrasonic wind measurement array is reduced by 20%. Based on the built model, an adaptive wind measurement algorithm is proposed to reduce the influence of shadow effect on wind measurement accuracy. Using the SpaceClaim Design Modeler software, the wind array and wind tunnel model were established, the grid was divided by Fluent Meshing, and the wind speed and direction in the simulated wind tunnel were changed using Fluent software, and the designed small ultrasonic wind array and adaptive weight were verified. The superiority of the wind measurement algorithm in weakening the shadow effect and improving the measurement accuracy. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional wind measurement algorithm, the speed measurement accuracy of the adaptive weight wind measurement algorithm is increased by 12. 44%, and the angle measurement accuracy is increased by 10. 40%.