According to the key technical problems of 100 fps framerate and 600×400 image size and 16 bits CMOS image sensor’s long distance and large data transmission. Using user datagram protocol as a communication protocol, the data that image sensor collected is not only preprocessed, but also packaged into Ethernet frame by XC6SLX16 FPGA. At the same time, using a dedicated gigabit Ethernet PHY chip, the connection interface between FPGA and PHY in RGMII interface, design a gigabit Ethernet transmission system of CMOS image sensor data based on FPGA. The experiment test results show that the system can achieve 530 Mbit/s transfer rate, and the transmission data is reliable, the system not only is safe and reliable, but also can work efficiently.