The application formula and process of tobacco fragrance are the core technology of the tobacco industry. In China, each tobacco industry has chosen the construction of fragrance categories as the next round of strategic choices. Its differentiation is a technical key point for the competition among various cigarette brands. This paper proposes a machine vision method combining dual light source illumination to solve the problem of poor quality judgment by manual judgement in the processing of tobacco fragrance configuration and preparation, and designs and manufactures an appearance quality qualification detection device for tobacco fragrance based on this. Using white light and red light as the main test light sources and green light as auxiliary detection light source, a dual light source coaxial forward illumination environment is set up; by fixing the optical plate for lighting and image acquisition module as a whole and combining the slide table with the stepping motor to rotate and stop at designated points, the machine vision method is used to eliminate reflections and automatically analyze color model parameters and detect the appearance quality qualification of the tobacco fragrance. The results show that the relative standard deviation of the parallel test of single tube sample image is less than 0.9968%, and the relative standard deviation of the parallel test of the same batch sample is less than 0.021 7%. The experimental results show that the precision and repeatability of the instrument are good, and can provide support for further promoting the intelligent management of the tobacco fragrance configuration detection industry.