In recent years, the response speed of temperature sensors applied in extreme temperature measurement situations in aerospace has reached the microsecond scale, however, how to realize dynamic calibration of them at the microsecond scale is still a challenge to be solved. The shock tube method and the laser method are two potential technological approaches to the problem, both of which can provide a microsecond temperature step response but also have different characteristics. The shock tube method is suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments, but the rising process and amplitude of its step signal are unstable. The laser method is characterized by non-contact and high accuracy, but a unified evaluation system has not yet been established to directly compare the dynamic response characteristics of different temperature sensors. Finally, three key research directions are summarized: improving existing calibration methods, exploring new calibration methods, and constructing new evaluation theories to facilitate the development of microsecond temperature sensor dynamic calibration research and related technology applications.