Aiming at the problems of how to run the microgrid cluster stably and how to reduce the operation cost of the microgrid cluster to the greatest extent, the energy optimization of the microgrid cluster based on the improved bat algorithm was studied. The system takes the microgrid cluster composed of two AC microgrids and one DC microgrid operating off grid as the research object, constructs the microgrid cluster architecture including centralized energy storage system, establishes the optimal scheduling model using the operation cost and environmental impact cost as the multiobjective function, and transforms the multiobjective function into a single objective function through the binary comparison weighting method, The improved bat algorithm based on tent mapping and Cauchy variation is used for energy optimization. The results show that compared with the traditional microgrid cluster optimization method, the system energy optimization method has better system operation stability, effectively improves the economic efficiency of the system, and reduces the comprehensive daily operation cost by 14.63%.