Aerial insulator images are characterized by complex background, variable spatial direction of insulators and large aspect ratio. A large amount of background information will be introduced to detect aerial insulators using the traditional horizontal rectangular box object detection algorithm, which makes it more difficult to locate insulator defects and other subsequent operations. Therefore, this paper proposes an arbitrary angle aerial insulator detection method based on neighborhood interactive attention. The method in this paper adds the angle prediction branch of the object bounding box to the existing insulator detection framework. The introduction of angle prediction branch makes the method put forward higher requirements for network feature expression ability. Therefore, a neighborhood information interactive attention mechanism is proposed in this paper, and the spatial information relationship of insulators is modeled through this mechanism, so as to achieve accurate detection of aerial insulators. The test results show that the proposed method can accurately detect insulators in complex environments, and the detection accuracy reaches 935%, which effectively avoids the interference of a large amount of background information on insulator defect detection.