In order to reduce the electromagnetic interference caused by the introduction of the 5G base station antenna into the substation to the sensitive equipment in the station, and to optimize the 5G signal at each monitoring device in the station, a method for 5G base station antenna placement in the substation based on the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is proposed, namely. The radio frequency field strength at the sensitive equipment of the substation cannot exceed the specified electromagnetic compatibility immunity limit as the constraint condition, and the Pareto optimal solution of the signal received by the monitoring equipment in the station is used as the objective function. Find the most suitable base station antenna layout. Taking the 500 kV Guandu substation as an example, according to its actual internal space layout, four antenna layout installation schemes are obtained by using the algorithm in this paper, which can make the radio frequency field strength at all sensitive equipment in the station lower than the 10 V/m immunity limit, and at the same time. It can also increase the average signal of each monitoring equipment in the station by 3.77, 6.37, 4.34 and 4.58 dB respectively, and the variance of the monitoring equipment signal is reduced by 15.07%, 12.64%, 14.62% and 14.78% respectively. It can improve the signal strength at the monitoring equipment to a certain extent, and can also reduce the dispersion of the signals at the monitoring equipment in the station, so that the signal coverage at the monitoring equipment is more stable, which can be used for the actual project. 5G base station antenna layout in substations provide some reference.