Color ring resistors are commonly used electronic components, and their resistance value is mainly represented by the color ring. The color ring relies on manual judgment, which is inefficient and has a high false detection rate. Traditional color ring judgment is based on image processing, which is not robust and is greatly affected by physical factors such as illumination. Based on this, the paper proposed a color ring detection and resistance value interpretation method based on deep learning. Firstly, the proposed object detection algorithm was used to realize the color ring detection and the resistance body detection. Secondly, the proposed color relationship matching method was used to combine the detection results to judge the subordination relationship between the color ring and the resistance body and sort the color ring. Finally, using the proposed resistance inference method, combined with the color code table, the real-time detection and interpretation of the color ring resistance was completed. The experimental results show that the algorithm has better performance in the accuracy of color ring detection compared with other detection algorithms, reaching 98.71%. The parameter amount is only 10.61M and the calculation amount is only 31.68GMAC. Randomly select 20 pictures on the test set for verification, and the accuracy of resistor interpretation is as high as 98.59%.