This paper discussed the cowling environment monitor system in launch vehicle, and proposed a new system design based on wireless sensor networks, which had achieved initial experimental verification. The new wireless monitoring system proposed in this paper combines wireless sensor network (ZigBee), mobile data network (GPRS) and Internet (TCP/IP) organically.The wiring itself is cumbersome, damageable, and vulnerable to a variety of distortion and interference due to the long distance transmission. Because the wiring is often built into the infrastructure, it is difficult for sensor installation in hard to reach locations and changing configuration is almost impossible, such as expansion of the number of sensors or sensing modalities. This paper explored the feasibility of Wireless sensor networks (WSN) in launch vehicle, and establish a useful base to WSN application in other spacecraft.