In seismic exploration acquisition way is numerous, geographic information acquisition is not accurate, acquisition problem of poor positioning accuracy, seismic exploration based on GPS differential positioning system is designed. Through indepth analysis of the principle of the differential positioning, design the seismic acquisition way of positioning system, and on this basis, the benchmark of GPS base station sends RTCM differential information transmission to the seismic acquisition way for difference operation after differential positioning data are obtained. Finally, using the actual seismic environment was tested, the results of the differential positioning results show that the system has good accuracy and reliability, to satisfy the seismic exploration process to obtain high accuracy requirements of geographic information.