To study the key characteristics of Xray pulsars, recording Xray pulse signal rising edge of time and peak value, the FPGAbased Xray pulse signal data acquisition system was designed. This paper mainly introduced the composition of data acquisition system, the function, as well as the hardware design. Among them, the system adopts eleven multichannel ADCs for Xray pulse signal acquisition, using digital potentiometer and high voltage power module for the fine adjustment of detectors reverse bias voltage, using data storage and correction circuit to complete the data correction processing, and through the image transition circuit to accomplish the image data transmission, display and system debugging. Connected with host computer, complete instructions transceiver control, adjust the working state, and feedback working state information.