According to the weakness of traditional oscilloscope problems such as large volume and inconvenience, the project base on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) strong performance to develop a handheld digital oscilloscope. The system use Altera FPGA as the main control chip to design a logic control circuit. And it use the Quartus II development tools and Verilog HDL language to describe the functions such as control logic, clock distribution, sampling buffer, trigger, frequency and amplitude measuring, etc. System design the SOPC Builder to build the Nios II soft core processor, and it through the C language programming to realize the touch control, display control functions. The test result shows that the oscilloscope system work is stable, and it has high performance and practicality. The project has reference value in the research of the handheld digital oscilloscope.