超导并联纳米线双分辨单光子探测器
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1.南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院 南京 210044; 2.无锡学院江苏省集成电路可靠性技术及 检测系统工程研究中心 无锡 214105

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TN202

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江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究面上项目(22KJB140015,23KJB510035)、无锡市创新创业资金“太湖之光” 科技攻关计划(基础研究)项目(K20221043, K20221049)、雷达成像与微波光子技术教育部重点实验室(南京航空航天大学) 项目(NJ20230006)资助


Superconducting dual-resolution single-photon detectors with parallel nanowires
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1.School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2.Jiangsu Integrated Circuit Reliability Technology and Testing System Engineering Research Center, Wuxi University,Wuxi 214105, China

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    摘要:

    本文提出一种超导并联纳米线双分辨单光子探测器,能够在单路读出条件下同步实现光子数分辨与空间位置分辨。该探测器由N个超导纳米线单元并联组成,每个单元通过并联不同阻值的标记电阻构建非对称电阻网络,再串联相同阻值电阻,由同一偏置电路提供偏置电流并输出信号。以4像元结构为例,设置梯度分布的并联电阻(100、200、400、800 Ω)和50 Ω串联电阻,通过LTspice仿真验证了基于响应脉冲幅度叠加可实现光子数与空间位置信息的同步分辨,最多可区分4光子事件及15种空间响应分布。进一步分析表明,该结构可有效抑制传统并联纳米线探测器中的电流分流与闩锁效应,提升稳定性,但会一定程度降低输出信号幅值与信噪比。本研究为发展具有双分辨能力的超导并联纳米线单光子探测器(PND)提供了一种新颖且可行的技术路径,为未来开发大规模、高计数率、具备全信息获取能力的低SWaPC多功能PND提供了一种新思路,拓宽了未来量子成像、激光雷达及量子通信等领域的应用。

    Abstract:

    This paper proposes a superconducting parallel-nanowire dual-resolution single-photon detector capable of simultaneously achieving photon-number resolution and spatial-position resolution under a single-output readout scheme. The detector consists of N superconducting nanowire units connected in parallel. Each unit incorporates a uniquely valued marking resistor in parallel to form an asymmetric resistor network, along with a series resistor of identical value. The entire array is biased by a common current source and read out through a single output channel. Taking a four-pixel structure as an example, with gradient-distributed shunt resistors (100, 200, 400, and 800 Ω) and a 50 Ω series resistor, LTspice simulations demonstrate that the superposition of response pulse amplitudes enables simultaneous discrimination of both photon number and spatial location, allowing up to 4-photon events and 15 distinct spatial response patterns to be identified. Further analysis indicates that the proposed structure effectively suppresses current shunting and latching effects commonly found in conventional parallel-nanowire detectors, thereby enhancing operational stability, albeit at the cost of reduced output signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio. This study provides a novel and feasible technical pathway for developing dual-resolution PNDs, offering a new perspective for future large-scale, high-count-rate, and low-SWaP-C multifunctional PNDs with full-information acquisition capabilities, thereby broadening potential applications in quantum imaging, lidar, and quantum communication.

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吴烨,陶旭,胡长雨.超导并联纳米线双分辨单光子探测器[J].电子测量技术,2026,49(6):47-55

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-05-13
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